UK RFID passport chip cracked

A security expert has cracked one of the UK's new biometric passports, which the British government hopes will increase security.

The attack, which uses a common RFID (radio frequency identification) reader and customised code, siphoned data off an RFID chip from a passport in a sealed envelope, said Adam Laurie, a security consultant who has worked with RFID and Bluetooth technology. The attack would be invisible to victims, he said.

"That's the really scary thing," said Laurie, whose work was detailed in the the Mail on Sunday newspaper. "There's no evidence of tampering. They're not going to report something has happened because they don't know."

The British government, which began issuing RFID passports about a year ago, eventually wants to incorporate fingerprints and other biometric data on the chips, although privacy activists are concerned over how data will be stored and handled.

Currently, the chip contains the printed details on the passports, the person's photograph and security technology to detect if those files have been altered.

The attack was executed while the passport was still in its original envelope used to send it from the passport service, since RFID chips can be read from a few inches away, Laurie said. He used a passport ordered by a woman affiliated with No2ID, a group that opposes the UK's biometric passport and ID card programmes.

The data on the passport's chip is locked until an RFID reader provides the encryption key, Laurie said. The encryption key is calculated using a combination of the person's personal data, such as date of birth, and is contained in the "machine-readable zone" (MRZ) – the string of characters and digits on the bottom of the passport's first page.

At an immigration desk, the optical character reader scans the MRZ and gets the key. The RFID chip is unlocked, and the information on the chip is matched with that on the passport.

However, Laurie was able to do this process himself. He analysed ICAO 9303, the standard from the International Civil Aviation Organisation that been adopted worldwide for machine-readable passports, to see how the MRZ is organised.

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